Process for controlling metal castings



Sept. 25, 1928.

H. 5. LEE

PRJOCESS FOR CONTROLLING HE'IAL CASTINGS Filed March 1926 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR. 2557' 1? Re. ig;

A TTORNE Y.

Sept. 25, 1928. v 1,685,546

H. 5. LEE

PROCESS FOR CONTROLLING METAL CASTINGS I N VEN TOR.

Sept. 25, 1928.

H. 5. LEE

PROCESS FOR CONTROLLING METAL CASTINGS 3 Sheets-Shed 3 Filed larch 1926 INVENTOR. fir) filee. A 5

Y A TORNEY.

I Patented Sept. 25, 1928. UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

man! sm, or nmom'n, menreair. raocnss roa eom'aonnmo mar. casrmss' Application filed mm. 8, 192's. Serial-No. cause. I This invention relates to the heat control will be the last place to cool, and conseof castings and permanent moulds. It 'is uently the rapid cooling of the corners, or the object of the invention to afford a process 1n portions of the casting will result in t for roperly controlling the character of the. different properties in the finished casting ,8 finis ed castin by means of a suitable regat different parts. This is especially true ulation of the Treat conditions. I -where the casting has to be rapidly cooled- It is the further object of the invention to as is the case in permanent moulds which provide an apparatus to carry out this procare operated on a semi-automatic machine ess.ft This will be more fully described herewhich goes through a cycle of timed opera I0 ina er.

In the drawings: to be rapidly cooled in order to clear the Fig. 1 is a vertical section of a permanent moulds for the next batch of castings as the mould showing means for regulating the machine proceeds on its way. If artificial character of the casting. I cooling means are introduced then it will Fig. 2 is a cross section on the line 22 of be obvious that portions of the casting may Fi .1. be actually chilled in cooling other portions i 3 and 4 are elevations showing means of the casting within the desired time limit. for cfilling a portion of the casting. This, of course, is highly undesirable in 2;

Figs. 5 and 6 are sectional views showin casting thatis to be machined all over or for means for controlling the castin by the castings that are to be used for many purthickness of'the mould as'distinguis ed from poses. It will be understood that this I- the fin structure shown in Figs. 1 and 2. beam casting is simpl an illustration of one I'have found that in theproducing; comform of casting WhlC presents the problem mercially, of permanent mould castin in whichI havesought to meet with my im- 30 order to get castings that have redzterproved methods and apparatus.

, min d prop rtie at certain points, it is nec- Continuing the description of the process wary to nicely control the eatdissipation and referring'to Figs. 1 and 2, one method inthe mould.- jFor instance, it -is.desirable of-carrying out this regulated heat abstracin getting a castin of uniform properties tion is illustrated. ere the mould is prothroughout that t e cooling of the cast- 'vided. with air cooling fins-.a.' These fins ing progress be substantially uniform are-wider adjacent the heavy rtions of the throughout regardless of the section of the casting than at the ends. This, of course, casting. A m, in other castings it is dewill 'tend to conduct the heat away faster sirable too '11 aportion of the casting to at the center as they have a greater capacity 85 harden the surface. It is the object of the than the end portions of the fins. Thus abpresent invention and'discovery to afiord'an straction of the heat away faster at the cenapparatus and method to understa'ndingly ter is effected as the fins have ,a greater accomplish these purposes with fair precicapacity near the-center than at the end sion. v I ortions. This abstraction ofv theheat may In carrying out my improved process I done wholly without any artifi'ciala 'tafind that the most significant thing is to regtion'of the air surrounding the fins, provided ulate within given limits the abstraction of the fins are constructed large enough and the heat from the mould at any particular locaexcess heat at the center of the casting-to be tion. When, this is understandingly gmd conducted awayis not too great; and procarefully done, the character of the finished vided further that the time element ercasting can be controlled within rather small mitted 1n cooling is large enough. owlimits so as to accomplish the best results ever, I find it usually-desirable, esp-lecially in the work produced. I have devised sevwhen using a semi-automatic mac 'ne. in eial methods and several apparatuses for which the time element forcooling is rather accomplishing this gene'ral heat control. short, to introduce a further step andmeans ferring to. Fig. 1, a casting is shown in this heat abstraction. For lnstance,fl-in. which hasa sort ofLbeam section. It, of Fig. 1, an 'air blast .lS furnished by the course, has ter bulk at the center than nozzle band this maybe nicely controlled l h if an ordinary permanent by means of the hand valves. The aii-zblast,

mouldis and ordinary moulding as Wlll be seen, is arranged to strikethe-side methods, it will be 0 vious-that the center of the mould at e center adjacent h '1 it I i into proximity to a given area of the casting than in other portions of the casting.

' .where the greatest rapidity of heat abstraction is desirable. However, I find it more 1 advantageous to combine the two methods and the two devices and use both a larger mould where the fastest portion of I tion of the cooling devices.

" which t 1e point is'chill blast froin heatat the surfaces to be chi controlled bv varying surface area for heat dissipation and also a reater amount of air at the points on the heat dissipation is and thickest the casting we here have both a greater surface area of the metal of the mould and also the cold air strikes directly at this point. .Thesetwo gether 'in supplementing each other in the action so that too much bulk will not be required in the excess portions of the mould used for coolingand also too much air will not be required. The two also working conjointly'enables the greatest possiblerapidity of the coolin action. Consequently they are ve .des1rable in permanent moulds where t e time unitis an important factor in .a continuous cycle of operations. Figs. 3 and 4 show still a difierent-varia- In Fig. 3 the ribs a greater number desirable. Hence at the center are so formedas to bring In the type to chill a greater rib ensity is atone of the small portion of the castin and consequently it W111 shown in Fig. 3 this is calculated be -obvious that -i the heavy portion of the castingv be rapidl cooled the smaller part I of the casting is' und tobe chilled. This,

of course, may

ribs.

be worked with or: without air agitation in the. neighborhood of the 4 a 'pointof a low is shown in Here still anheat abstraction In Fi other way of-controlli rig the ,is-illustrated. Here ribs r and s are employed to direct the.

air blast along the sides at, 3 which are the partsof the plow point .to be chilled. The ribs w, 2, direct the air the portion of the casting not to The teeth it helpli dissipate the I ed.

In Figs-5 and 6,still anothermodificaltion the method and a: different device is'. shown.- Here the conduction ofthe-heat .fromthe heavy portion of the casting is [the thickness ofthe thicker the section of the moldwalls,-for the.

a mold wall the. (greater its capacity for. heat conduction, an somewhat similar an effect is secured as with the use of fins. j Considering my invention standpoint, it must be understood artificial aidto heat m a broad #0 that the dissipation may be .accpmphsbed in a variety of here'shown-th blast; Obviously suction factors cooperate to- I These will all vary of course,

i of thickening ortion'of the casting ,for the have disclosed broadly the controlling .-in so faras the present a the casting by cients of conductivity at ways. .1 havecould be employed and the fluid need not necessarily be air. As I have already explained,

It will be apparent that the exact construc- I tion of the section of the mould will have to be nicely worked out in accordance with the time factor, the character of the casting -desired, the amount of cooling fluid, etc. and no positive directions can begiven. The illustrations in the drawings are simply rough examples of my'improved process and apparatus and will serve to readily apprise one skilled in foundry practice how to proceed carr out the invention.

T is application is related to application Serial No. 61,673, in which I .have'shown and described the control of a casting by means the walls of the casting and also by reducing the walls to choke back-the conduction at different points. The present application isintende'd to cover both the grocessand the apparatus while application erial No. 61,673 is intended to contain the clainis to one specific way of controlling the temperature by varying the mass of metal. In so far as that application'contains a complete disclosure of any of the broad subject matter claimed in this application, this application may be considered a continuation in part thereof. p

In my application Serial No. 51,973, I the use of the cooling fins by air agitation (produced by suction. However, I have not of the difierent portions of a casting by a variant fin construction or a variant fluid application. This application may to a limited. extent be congidered a continuation in part of such prior application plication makes any broad claims to the su ject matter dis- "closed in such prior application, especially to heat dissipation generally w the conductivity capacity of the mould, or lay plonvection due to fluid application, or by t v g Still another application, Serial No. 51,-

7 23, discloses the control of the character of .heat conduction regulation due to the use of metals of varying co-eflidetermined portions of the mould. This aforesaid application escribed and claimed by increasing may be considered'as limited to a modifica' tion ,of the genericinvention here claimed, namely the species of-both the method and theapparatus controlling the heat abstracefliciency of the conductor.

tion by conduction by varying the predetermined "varied characteristidz the.

at I claim is calculati y controlling the dissipation of i 1. In the art of casting ferrous the heat in the cast metal in accordance permanent molds, the method of obtaining with the predetermined characteristim to I predetermined varied characteristics in the be obtained by re ting the conductive metal of a cast article, which consists in the capacity of the mo] walls and by the a plicontrolling of the dissipation of the heat catiori of a cooling fluid to such mold-walis so from the cast metal byt e application of a that such heat is dissipated from various regulable cooling fluid to local portionsof portions of the cast'metal insuch degrees of the mold walls so that such heat is dissipated rapidity as will efiect the varied characfrom various portions of the cast'metal in teristies 1n the cast metal. such de of rapidity aswill, eflectthe In testimony whereof he afixes his sigvaried c aracteristics in the cast metal. nature.

2. In the art of casting fermus metals in 4 permanentimolds, the method of obtaining HARRY S.

metal of 'a Cast article, which consists in the 

